Características epidemiológicas en niños con exposición vertical VIH/SIDA: Consulta de seguimiento de pediatría médica infecciosa. Hospital Universitario de Caracas 2005-2010

Objectives: Identify the epidemiological characteristics of children with perinatal exposure to HIV, within the Consultation of Infectious Pediatrics at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out revising medical histories and perinatal exposition data from...

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Published: 2015
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Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10872/8216
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Summary:Objectives: Identify the epidemiological characteristics of children with perinatal exposure to HIV, within the Consultation of Infectious Pediatrics at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out revising medical histories and perinatal exposition data from 2005 to 2010. Results: We included 321 children. 78.5% (139) came from Miranda state and the Capital district. Most of the mothers were between 20 and 34 years old; 41.7% (134) were diagnosed during the preconceptional period; 41.7% (134) during the gestation; 10.3% (33) during the puerperium; and 6.2% (20) in the postnatal period. 20.9% (67) of newborns had low weight; 25.5% (82) had complications at birth; and 82.9% (238) were properly given neonatal zidovudine. A general HIV infection rate of 5.6% (18) was observed, including a gradual increment with the date of maternal diagnostic, between 1.4% (CI: 0.18 – 5.20) for the preconceptional period and 50.0% (CI: 25.58 – 74.41) for the postnatal period. Maternal gestational treatment, peripartum zidovudine, elective cesarean, neonatal zidovudine and not maternal lactation were statistically significant protective factors for HIV infection. Conclusions: Prenatal control and compliance of the HIV Prevention Protocol are the key to reduce HIV vertical transmission.