Caracterización del grano de genotipos confiteros de maní en cuanto a su calidad química y micotoxicológica en dos localidades de Venezuela
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an edible legume, important for its contribution to human nutrition as a source of protein, oil and fatty acids. The colonization of fruit and seed by microorganisms deteriorates its quality with a risk of aflatoxin contamination. The objective of this research was...
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2012
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| Acceso en liña: | http://hdl.handle.net/10872/1991 |
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| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv | https://saber.ucv.ve/jspui/bitstream/10872/1991/1/T026800004518-0-Trabajofinal_ElenaMazzani-000.pdf https://saber.ucv.ve/jspui/bitstream/10872/1991/2/license.txt https://saber.ucv.ve/jspui/bitstream/10872/1991/3/T026800004518-0-Trabajofinal_ElenaMazzani-000.pdf.txt |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv | Mazzani, Elena |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv | Mazzani, Elena |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv | 2012-11-01T15:58:49Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv | 2012-11-01T15:58:49Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv | 2012-11-01 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10872/1991 |
| dc.language.iso.es_VE.fl_str_mv | es |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries.none.fl_str_mv | 2012;1387-0006 |
| dc.subject.es_VE.fl_str_mv | composición del grano Arachis hypogaea L. Aspergillus mohos grain composition molds |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | TDFA |
| dc.title.alternative.es_VE.fl_str_mv | Grain characterization of confectionary peanut genotypes for chemical and mycotoxicological quality in two locations of Venezuela. |
| dc.title.es_VE.fl_str_mv | Caracterización del grano de genotipos confiteros de maní en cuanto a su calidad química y micotoxicológica en dos localidades de Venezuela |
| dc.type.es_VE.fl_str_mv | Thesis |
| description | Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an edible legume, important for its contribution to human nutrition as a source of protein, oil and fatty acids. The colonization of fruit and seed by microorganisms deteriorates its quality with a risk of aflatoxin contamination. The objective of this research was to quantify the incidence of molds, aflatoxin and chemical quality (protein, oil, sugars, fatty acids and some elements) in the grain of ten peanut genotypes at two localities in Venezuela. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks with three replications. The incidences of total molds and Aspergillus spp. were given by percentage of colonized kernels (low 0-15%, intermediate 16-30% and high ≥ 30%). Aflatoxins were quantified by affinity chromatography and fluorometric, proteins and elements by official methods. The oil and fatty acids of oil were analized by gas chromatography with mass detector and sugars determined by chromatography with refractive index detector, identified by retention times compared to standards. Analysis of variance, Tukey's test and correlation analysis were performed. The grain of genotypes were found A. flavus, A. niger and A. terreus, reaffirming the species susceptibility to these molds. Significant differences were found among treatments, in some of the enviroments, for grain incidence of total molds, A. flavus, A. niger and aflatoxin. A. flavus and aflatoxins low in all environments; but almost all collected samples contained aflatoxins.The combined analysis showed significant differences between locations for aflatoxin and the incidence of A. niger. The high oleic cultivar tended to have higher aflatoxin. Low linoleate genotypes tended to the highest aflatoxins. In general, cultivars with greater grain colonization of A. flavus in the inoculated localities had not greater aflatoxins content, due to adverse conditions on the inoculated strain, or for interactions with natural pathogens on their population and toxicity. In the environment without inoculation with A. flavus, at higher incidence of it, higher A. niger, with negative impact on the production of aflatoxins. Chemical profile showed statistical differences among cultivars for protein, fatty acids, oleic/linoleic ratio, unsaturated/saturated ratio, sucrose, glucose and total sugars, calcium and phosphorus, in at least one locality. The protein content showed high environmental influence. The variability for oil content was low, and had positive relation with the incidence of A. flavus.. The main fatty acid was oleic in normal cultivars. Only palmitic and stearic acids showed differences among localities, and five fatty acids showed genotype-environment interaction, however some cultivars were consistent across environments due to its location at mean test. Phosphorus, iron and magnesium in the grain were low in both environments. Cultivars had low saturation, high monounsaturated fat (as oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fats. The cultivars 5231, San Martin and Acc 323 Raleigh were better for their low saturation, high oleate, good O / L, but its behavior with respect to the incidence of mold on grains was erratic. The grain composition changed among botanical types and environments. The chemical composition affected the incidence of mold and aflatoxin production in cultivars, so complex interactions one can be infer. |
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| network_acronym_str | SABERUCV |
| network_name_str | Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Central de Venezuela |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:saber.ucv.ve:10872/1991 |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | sfwrussians@gmail.com |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | Saber UCV |
| repository_id_str | |
| spelling | Mazzani, Elena2012-11-01T15:58:49Z2012-11-01T15:58:49Z2012-11-01http://hdl.handle.net/10872/1991Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an edible legume, important for its contribution to human nutrition as a source of protein, oil and fatty acids. The colonization of fruit and seed by microorganisms deteriorates its quality with a risk of aflatoxin contamination. The objective of this research was to quantify the incidence of molds, aflatoxin and chemical quality (protein, oil, sugars, fatty acids and some elements) in the grain of ten peanut genotypes at two localities in Venezuela. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks with three replications. The incidences of total molds and Aspergillus spp. were given by percentage of colonized kernels (low 0-15%, intermediate 16-30% and high ≥ 30%). Aflatoxins were quantified by affinity chromatography and fluorometric, proteins and elements by official methods. The oil and fatty acids of oil were analized by gas chromatography with mass detector and sugars determined by chromatography with refractive index detector, identified by retention times compared to standards. Analysis of variance, Tukey's test and correlation analysis were performed. The grain of genotypes were found A. flavus, A. niger and A. terreus, reaffirming the species susceptibility to these molds. Significant differences were found among treatments, in some of the enviroments, for grain incidence of total molds, A. flavus, A. niger and aflatoxin. A. flavus and aflatoxins low in all environments; but almost all collected samples contained aflatoxins.The combined analysis showed significant differences between locations for aflatoxin and the incidence of A. niger. The high oleic cultivar tended to have higher aflatoxin. Low linoleate genotypes tended to the highest aflatoxins. In general, cultivars with greater grain colonization of A. flavus in the inoculated localities had not greater aflatoxins content, due to adverse conditions on the inoculated strain, or for interactions with natural pathogens on their population and toxicity. In the environment without inoculation with A. flavus, at higher incidence of it, higher A. niger, with negative impact on the production of aflatoxins. Chemical profile showed statistical differences among cultivars for protein, fatty acids, oleic/linoleic ratio, unsaturated/saturated ratio, sucrose, glucose and total sugars, calcium and phosphorus, in at least one locality. The protein content showed high environmental influence. The variability for oil content was low, and had positive relation with the incidence of A. flavus.. The main fatty acid was oleic in normal cultivars. Only palmitic and stearic acids showed differences among localities, and five fatty acids showed genotype-environment interaction, however some cultivars were consistent across environments due to its location at mean test. Phosphorus, iron and magnesium in the grain were low in both environments. Cultivars had low saturation, high monounsaturated fat (as oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fats. The cultivars 5231, San Martin and Acc 323 Raleigh were better for their low saturation, high oleate, good O / L, but its behavior with respect to the incidence of mold on grains was erratic. The grain composition changed among botanical types and environments. The chemical composition affected the incidence of mold and aflatoxin production in cultivars, so complex interactions one can be infer.El maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) es una importante fuente de proteínas, aceite y ácidos grasos, pero su colonización por mohos conlleva a riesgo de contaminación por aflatoxinas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue cuantificar la incidencia de mohos, contenidos de aflatoxinas y calidad química (proteínas, aceite, azúcares, ácidos grasos y elementos químicos) en el grano de diez genotipos cosechados en dos localidades de Venezuela. Fueron estudiados diez genotipos en diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. La incidencia de mohos fue dada por porcentaje de granos colonizados (baja 0-15%, intermedia 16-30% y alta ³ 30%). Las aflatoxinas se cuantificaron por Cromatografía de Afinidad y Fluometría; las proteínas y elementos por métodos oficiales y el perfil del aceite y de azúcares por Cromatografía de Gases e identificados por tiempos de retención. Con los resultados se realizaron análisis de varianza, comparaciones de medias y análisis de correlación. En el grano de los genotipos fueron halladas varias especies de Aspergillus reiterando la susceptibilidad del maní a su colonización. Hubo diferencias estadísticas entre cultivares en algunos ambientes para la incidencia de mohos, A. flavus, A. niger y contenido de aflatoxinas. La incidencia de A. flavus y el contenido de aflatoxinas fueron bajos. El análisis combinado detectó diferencias entre localidades para aflatoxinas y A. niger. A pesar de la influencia ambiental, algunos cultivares fueron consistentemente bajos en su colonización en todos los ambientes. El cultivar alto oleico tendío a contenidos de aflatoxinas más elevados que los normales, y los de bajo linoleato tendieron a contenidos de aflatoxinas de los más altos. En general, a mayor colonización de A. flavus (con inoculación) no hubo mayores contenidos de aflatoxinas, ó por condiciones adversas a la cepa inoculada ó por interacción con microorganísmos que afectaron su población y toxicidad. Sin inoculación, a mayor incidencia de A. flavus mayor de A. niger, con influencia negativa en la producción de aflatoxinas. Hubo diferencias entre cultivares para proteínas, ácidos grasos, oleico/linoleico, insaturados/saturados, azúcares, calcio y fósforo. Las proteínas y azúcares mostraron alta influencia ambiental. El contenido de aceite presentó relación positiva con A. flavus. El ácido oléico prevaleció en cultivares normales. Solo los ácidos palmítico y esteárico tuvieron diferencias entre localidades; y cinco ácidos grasos mostraron interacción genotipo ambiente, aunque algunos cultivares fueron consistentes entre ambientes. Los cultivares 5231, San Martín y Raleigh Acc. 323 destacaron por baja saturación, fueron altos en oleato, buena O/L; pero, se mostraron erráticos ante la incidencia de mohos. La composición del grano varió entre tipos botánicos y ambientes. La composición química afectó la incidencia de mohos y la producción de aflatoxinas, infiriéndo complejas interacciones entre ellos.es2012;1387-0006composición del granoArachis hypogaea L.Aspergillusmohosgrain compositionmoldsTDFACaracterización del grano de genotipos confiteros de maní en cuanto a su calidad química y micotoxicológica en dos localidades de VenezuelaGrain characterization of confectionary peanut genotypes for chemical and mycotoxicological quality in two locations of Venezuela.ThesisORIGINALT026800004518-0-Trabajofinal_ElenaMazzani-000.pdfT026800004518-0-Trabajofinal_ElenaMazzani-000.pdfapplication/pdf1624233https://saber.ucv.ve/jspui/bitstream/10872/1991/1/T026800004518-0-Trabajofinal_ElenaMazzani-000.pdf341cd1a6023b19ad3d9e5f54b6cd8546MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://saber.ucv.ve/jspui/bitstream/10872/1991/2/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52TEXTT026800004518-0-Trabajofinal_ElenaMazzani-000.pdf.txtT026800004518-0-Trabajofinal_ElenaMazzani-000.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain305187https://saber.ucv.ve/jspui/bitstream/10872/1991/3/T026800004518-0-Trabajofinal_ElenaMazzani-000.pdf.txt45b2eb0eb2d534b07efcc840e89ddf3aMD5310872/1991oai:saber.ucv.ve:10872/19912026-03-17 03:25:58.327Saber UCVsfwrussians@gmail.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 |
| spellingShingle | Caracterización del grano de genotipos confiteros de maní en cuanto a su calidad química y micotoxicológica en dos localidades de Venezuela composición del grano Arachis hypogaea L. Aspergillus mohos grain composition molds TDFA |
| title | Caracterización del grano de genotipos confiteros de maní en cuanto a su calidad química y micotoxicológica en dos localidades de Venezuela |
| title_full | Caracterización del grano de genotipos confiteros de maní en cuanto a su calidad química y micotoxicológica en dos localidades de Venezuela |
| title_fullStr | Caracterización del grano de genotipos confiteros de maní en cuanto a su calidad química y micotoxicológica en dos localidades de Venezuela |
| title_full_unstemmed | Caracterización del grano de genotipos confiteros de maní en cuanto a su calidad química y micotoxicológica en dos localidades de Venezuela |
| title_short | Caracterización del grano de genotipos confiteros de maní en cuanto a su calidad química y micotoxicológica en dos localidades de Venezuela |
| title_sort | Caracterización del grano de genotipos confiteros de maní en cuanto a su calidad química y micotoxicológica en dos localidades de Venezuela |
| topic | composición del grano Arachis hypogaea L. Aspergillus mohos grain composition molds TDFA |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10872/1991 |